A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by primarily using the weight of the material alone to resist the horizontal pressure of water pushing against it. It has a height of 221 metres 726 feet from its foundations, a crest length of 379 metres 1,244 feet, and a. Spread on the upstream and downstream needs to be monitored, particularly in its early life. This final report illustrates the results of the activities carried out by the group. Gravity essentially holds the dam down to the ground, stopping water from toppling it over. The dam is located in a which seismic zone, with this point of view, and even otherwise, the vertical settlement of the dam as well as its horizontal settlement. The pine flat concrete gravity dam has been selected for the purpose of the analysis and its structural capacity, assuming no sliding plane and rigid foundation, has been estimated using the two well. A concrete gravity dam model is prepared in sap 2000 to perform the time history analysis. A concrete gravity dam is a massive concrete structure, roughly triangular in shape, and designed so that its weight ensures structural stability against the hydrostatic pressure of the impounded water and other forces that may act on the dam.
Seismic response of a concrete gravity dam considering. Apart from a number of minor matters the feedback from dr. A drainage gallery is generally provided in order to relieve the uplift pressure exerted by the seeping water. Dam outlets are provided in the body of the dam or its abutments below the crest level of the spillways so that the water can be withdrawn from the reservoir. Please refer to q9105 on page 9105 from engineering mechanics dynamics rc hibbler 2010 edition. Concrete dam engineering 1 0401544 hydraulic structures university of sharjah dept. Similarly, a gravity dam is the typical choice for a shallow, wide canyon, but if it is built with some curvature, arching action will also strengthen a gravity dam in a narrower and higher gorge. Dam dam is a solid barrier constructed at a suitable location across a river valley to store flowing water. While the dam axis of an arch dam is a curve, either temperature rise or drop will cause tensile stress, the arch. Dec 17, 2017 modelling and apply pushover and cyclic load test on beam column by abaqus and get hysteresis loop duration. A gravity dam is a massive sized dam fabricated from concrete or stone masonry. The upstream face may be kept throughout vertical or partly slanting for some of its length. I a simplified analysis procedure in which the response due only to the fundamental vibration mode is estimated directly from the earthquake design spectrum.
Any structure in a reservoir, dam, or river through which water can be drawn into an outlet pipe, flume, etc. These forces are considered to act per unit length of the dam. Therefore, 4 study the effect on gravity dam where is completely resting on soil media and surrounded by soil media by using finite element analysis software. Concrete faced rockfill dams cfrd have been widely used for multipurposes over the world. Gravity dams are solid concrete structures that maintain their stability against design loads from the geometric shape, mass and strength of the concrete. Arch gravity dams are massive dams of concrete that resist the thrust of water by their weight using the force of gravity and the arch action an arch gravity dam incorporates the archs curved design that is so effective in supporting the water in narrow, rocky locations where the gorges sides are of hard rock and the water is forced into a narrow channel. This courses covers general design considerations for gravity dam design based on army corps of engineers manual em 111022200 chapters 12. For structures consisting of a section of concrete gravity dam within an embankment dam, the concrete. Bureau of reclamation 1977 design of arch dams, design manualfor. For the description of the nonlinear behavior of concrete material under earthquake loads, the. Exercise problem 1 a concrete gravity dam 15 m height will be constructed with the dimensions shown in the figure below. Nonlinear time history analysis of concrete gravity dam. This study provides three dimensional linear dynamic analysis of roller compacted concrete gravity dam with a complete dam foundationwater interaction by using eacd3d08 program.
Where the riverbed is exceptionally wide, the dam may be designed to have several spans, each with different engineering properties depending on the. The axes may be slightly curved in the correct shape or upstream. The embankment dam needsto be rebuilt in order toincrease the safety of the dam and the goal of the case study was to determine the dimensions of the new rcc dam. Numerous of concrete gravity dam need to be constructed on soft soil. The model comprises of two parts namely the concrete dam and the foundation rock. Arch gravity dam definition is an arch dam having also sufficient mass and breadth of base to provide gravity stability. Stony creek dam is a 35foothigh concrete gravity dam constructed in the late 1920s for water supply. Concrete face rockfill dam compared to roller compacted. It is intended to implement an internal drainage facility, which would reduce uplift pressure by about 20%. Figure 1 shows the system of forces that acts on a typical dam. Abaqusstandard abaqusexplicit in this example we consider an analysis of the koyna dam, which was subjected to an earthquake of magnitude 6.
The analytical results obtained from over twenty 2d finite element modal analysis of concrete gravity dam show that the accurate modeling of dam reservoirfoundation and their interaction. This research was set with the objective of investigating the possibility of constructing roller compacted concrete dam, rccd, using local material to reduce it. Archgravity dam definition of archgravity dam by merriam. A reinforced concrete slab is then constructed at the upstream face of the dam. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam. Hoover dam, built on the colorado river at the arizonanevada border between 1931 and 1936, is an outstanding example of a curved gravity dam built in a narrow gorge across a major river and employing advanced design principles. Determination of various forces which acts on the structure is the first step in the design of dams. Also important are seepage flows, foundation movement and relative movement at any joint in the dam or foundation.
Guidelines for design of dams table of contents section title page preface to the january 1 1989 edition 1 introduction 2 2 definitions 3. The purposes of dam construction may include navigation, flood damage reduction, hydroelectric power generation, fish and wildlife enhancement, water quality, water supply, and recreation. Zhu bofang, in thermal stresses and temperature control of mass concrete, 2014. State dam safety regulations require safe passage of half of the pmf.
The attention of the group was concentrated on conventional concrete gravity dams, in static loading conditions. Dec 14, 2016 chapter 6 concrete dam engineering with examples 1. The romans built their gravity dams in the iberian peninsula region, north africa and in the middle east. The solid form is the more widely used of the two, though the hollow dam is frequently more economical to construct. Conventional concrete and roller compacted concrete rcc are both addressed.
Ppt gravity dam powerpoint presentation free to view. Curved gravity dams designed for arch action and other types of concrete gravity dams are not covered in this manual. Operation, maintenance, and safety inspection dam maintenance factors factors that affect proper maintenance of dams. Gravity dams may be classified by plan as straight gravity dams and curved gravity. Gravity dams gravity dams criteria for selection of dam site, construction material, forces acting on gravity dam, modes of failure, stability analysis, safety criteria, methods of design, stress analysis and stress contours, galleries, instrumentation, joints, keys, water seals, temperature control in concrete dams, foundation treatment.
They are designed to hold back large volumes of water. Gravity dams are constructed from masonry or concrete. Inspection of concrete and masonry dams fema guidelines. Gravity dams are well suited for blocking rivers in wide valleys or narrow gorge ways. Analysis and design of gravity dam in seismic zone v project by. The dam will have a nonoverflow section on the western side and a channel spillway section on the eastern side ministry of water recourses and electric power of peoples republic of china, 1979. Gravity dam is constructed of concrete andor masonry andor laidup stone that relies upon its weight for stability. The dam, owned and operated by the city of burlington, n. A study on concrete faced rockfill dams usq eprints. The construction of cfrd involves placing the highergrade rock at the dam core, and compacting them to their maximum strength. Please visit asdsos learning center to find more training webinars related to dam safety and dam engineering. Further details on temperature control methods are provided in chapter 6. Design of concrete gravity dam dam deformation engineering. Concrete dams gravity dams buttressdams arch dams gravity dams use their triangular shape and the sheer weight of their rock and concrete structure to hold back the water in the reservoir.
A gravity dam may be constructed either of masonry or of concrete. Bureau of reclamation 1976 design of gravity dams, design manual for concrete gravity dams, government printing office, washington, d. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. The behaviour of dam for comparison with the design. The solid head or massive buttress dam is the most prominent modern variant of the type, and may be considered for conceptual purposes as a lightened version of the gravity dam. Comparison of design and analysis of concrete gravity dam 19. Several methods are used for the design of concrete gravity dams by analyzing the dam response under static and dynamic loads. Concrete gravitv dams it is important for a gravity. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam section. Foundation preparation for rcc dams founded on difficult foundation conditions by paul c. Stability analysis of concrete gravity dam on complicated.
Pdf fracture analysis of concrete gravity dam under. The design of rcc gravity dams is similar to conven. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Seismic response evaluation of a concrete gravity dam. Sluiceways are the special type of outlets provides in the body of a concrete gravity dam 1282014 prepared by v. As early as around 29502750 bc, the egyptians built a masonry gravity dam of 14 m high at the nile river, called in arabic sadd elkafara meaning dam of the pagans, which was discovered over 100 years ago in egypt.
A gravity dam is a structure so proportioned that its own weight resists the forces exerted upon it. Learning outcome after this lecture, students should be able to 1. How concrete dam is made making, history, used, components. Hence, linear elastic model has been used represent the behavior of unreinforced concrete gravity dam. In 19982003, he served as the rcc design task leader for the olivenhain dam in san diego, california. Roller compacted concrete, massive concrete structures, dams, concrete. Jul 11, 2017 intro to concrete gravity dams2012 association of state dam safety officials asdso. Failure of gravity dams causes and its failure modes. The observation of the behavior of concrete gravity dams that are exposed to seismic loads is the main factor for the safety evaluation of the dams. Concrete gravity dam is a massive structure which retains a very large amount of water on its upstream side and it is very crucial for a dam to survive against vibrations of earthquake. Foundation preparation for rcc dams founded on difficult. Fracture analysis of concrete gravity dam under earthquake induced loads. The dam is composed of three blocks of equal heights. These gravity dams were part of a water supply system.
Gravity dams are massive structure dam which is constructed of concrete or stone masonry. The junction of the upstream face of a gravity or arch dam with the foundation surface. Modelling and apply pushover and cyclic load test on beam column by abaqus and get hysteresis loop duration. A gravity dam is designed in such a way that it resists all external forces acting on the dam like water pressure, wind pressure, wave pressure, ice pressure, uplift pressure by its own selfweight. Gravity dam may be the earliest water retaining structure in the human history. Guidelines on design criteria for concrete gravity dams. Design of concrete gravity dam free download as powerpoint presentation. The purpose of this continuing education course is to provide technical criteria and guidance for the planning and design of concrete gravity dams for civil works projects. Gravity dams arch dams buttress dams 3 based on usage of dam. In this regard, dam foundationreservoir interaction can be seen as one of the most significant concerns for the determination of dam safety. Concrete arch dams because of the monolithic behavior of arch dams, horizontal displacement due to arching thrust forces against the abutments is of great importance. For this aim, kinta roller compacted concrete rcc gravity dam in malaysia has been selected as case study and the bidirectional koyna earthquake accelerations, 1967 are imposed to the dam. A study of instruments used for dam instrumentation in. Sliding safety of existing gravity dams final report.
The enlarged cotter dam comprises an 87m high, roller compacted concrete dam and is the third largest concrete gravity dam in australia. The concrete gravity dam is held in place by its own weight. Bob specializes in concrete gravity dam design and was involved in the first rollercompacted concrete rcc gravity dams constructed in pennsylvania, maryland, and california. Arch dam and gravity dam have the following differences in the dam construction technology with mgo concrete. A gravity dam depends on its own weight for stability and is usually straight in plan although sometimes slightly curved. Uplift pressues, shear strengths, and tensile strengths for stability analysis of concrete gravity dams, volume i, epri tr100345. With the development of concrete model, considerable work has been performed in the cracking analysis of concrete gravity dams.
Dams are classified on several aspects, some of the important aspects are as follow. Different types of forces acts on a dam structure such as water pressure, self weight, wave pressure etc. In the case of an embankment dam the junction is referred to as the upstream toe of the dam. The concrete gravity dam is considered as a twodimensional structure involving the geometry and material nonlinearity effects. Based on structure and design, dams can be classified as follows. Many concrete gravity dams have been in service for over 50 years, and over this period important advances in the methodologies for evaluation of natural phenomena hazards have caused the design. Comparison of design and analysis of concrete gravity dam. Failure of gravity dam occurs due to overturning, sliding, tension and compression. Classification the higher the class the higher the standard of duty and standard of care required and watershed characteristics.
Concrete gravity dams should be evaluated to accommodate. Numerical modeling of concrete gravity dams youtube. This study focuses on the shape optimization of concrete gravity dams considering dam waterfoundation interaction and nonlinear effects subject to earthquake. Due to the steep abutment slopes, helicopters were required to lift drill rigs onto borehole locations and specialist rope access techniques were necessary to map outcrops. Army corps of engineers 19581960 gravity dam design, em 111022200, govern ment printing office, washington, d. This type of dam is the most prominent one, which requires little maintenance and is most commonly used. The considerations used to develop the criteria in this monograph were based on the bureau of reclamation s analytical methods, which are described in references l and 2. In this case, a particular attention to be given to the problems of soilstructure interaction. Provides instruction on identifying concrete dam deficiencies and. Seismic assessment of concrete gravity dams using capacity. Concrete and masonry dams the national academies press. Gravity dam loads on concrete dams loads can be classified in terms of applicabilityrelative importance as primary loads, secondary loads, and exceptional loads. Fem modeling of concrete gravity dams 3 figure 3 an aerial photo of the baozhusi dam and hydropower station.
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